Deterministic and Metaheuristic Solutions for Closed-loop Supply Chains with Continuous Price Decrease

Modelling Oligopolistic Closed Loop Supply Chains

This paper uses variational inequalities to model an oligopolistic closed-loop supply chain engaged in a Cournot pricing game. The manufacturers produce a homogenous product for a set of customer markets. The product can be comprised of both virgin materials and recycled materials obtained from used products returned by the customers. Society is modelled as an additional player whose objective ...

An efficient Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm for the closed-loop supply chains considering pricing for product, and fleet of heterogeneous vehicles

 This paper investigates a pricing multi-period, closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) with two echelons of producers and customers. Products are delivered to customers might be defective which are picked up and gathered in the collection center and will be fixed if it is possible and will be returned to the chain. Otherwise, they are sold as waste. This problem is determining price and distributio...

Impact of government’s policies on competition of two closed-loop and regular supply chains

With progressing technologies and new features of production, new products compete with older ones in markets. Indeed, new products initiate contest with olden ones and this process repeats in different productions lifetime several times. In this situation recycling the olden products seems to be significant for supply chains. Governments often levy special tariffs for these products as a contr...

Strategic Issues in Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Remanufacturing

In this chapter we look at the strategic issue facing firms regarding whether or not to remanufacture their used products. We identify some direct costs of remanufacturing as well as some opportunity costs that should be included in a firm’s decision to remanufacture or support the secondary market of remanufactured products. We also explore how this decision may change under different competit...

Increasing Your Rate of Return with Closed Loop Supply Chains

Retailer-driven closed-loop supply chains with product remanufacturing

VIII CHAPTER